Why Primary School-Aged Children Might Need an Occupational Therapist or Speech Pathologist

claire2876
Jul 20
2 min read

As children move through primary school (ages 5–12), they face increasing academic, social, and emotional demands. These years are critical for developing the foundational skills needed for learning, independence, and friendships. If a child is struggling in any of these areas, it may be time to consider support from an occupational therapist (OT) or speech pathologist (SP).

Many difficulties are subtle or mistaken for behavioural issues or lack of motivation. In reality, the root cause may be developmental or neurological, and early identification can make a world of difference.

✋ When to Refer to an Occupational Therapist

An occupational therapist helps children participate more fully in their “occupations”—which, at this age, include schoolwork, play, and self-care. Consider a referral if a child:

Struggles with handwriting or using classroom tools: Difficulty forming letters, holding a pencil correctly, or using scissors can be signs of fine motor delays.
Avoids or dislikes physical tasks: Children who seem clumsy, trip often, or avoid sports and playground activities may have coordination difficulties or poor core strength.
Is easily distracted, overwhelmed, or dysregulated: Sensory processing challenges can lead to frustration or meltdowns in noisy, bright, or busy classrooms.
Has trouble with organisation and independence: Difficulty packing their bag, remembering tasks, or following multi-step instructions may point to executive functioning challenges.
Tires quickly or seems “lazy”: Low muscle tone and endurance can impact participation and focus.

OTs work closely with families and schools to implement strategies that build independence, confidence, and academic success.

🗣️ When to Refer to a Speech Pathologist

Primary school-aged children are expected to use increasingly complex language for learning and socialising. A speech pathologist can help if a child:

Has unclear speech sounds: If a child is still substituting or omitting sounds beyond age expectations (e.g., “wabbit” instead of “rabbit” after age 6), a speech assessment is warranted.
Struggles with vocabulary or grammar: Trouble explaining ideas, using the right words, or forming correct sentences may indicate expressive language difficulties.
Has difficulty understanding or following instructions: Children who need constant repetition or don’t seem to “get it” may be experiencing receptive language delays.
Struggles with literacy: Language is the foundation of reading and spelling. A child who can’t hear and manipulate sounds (phonological awareness) or understand story structure may benefit from therapy.
Finds social communication tricky: Difficulty interpreting body language, taking turns in conversation, or making friends can be addressed through pragmatic language intervention.

SPs support both academic and social success by building core communication skills.

📘 Working Together with Schools and Families

Many referrals at this stage come from teachers, learning support teams, or parents who notice a child falling behind or struggling in group settings. OTs and SPs often work collaboratively with educators to provide classroom strategies, environmental modifications, or direct support.

Whether it’s a short-term boost or longer-term support, early referral and intervention lead to better outcomes across learning, behaviour, and wellbeing.