Why Older Adults May Need Occupational Therapy or Speech Pathology Support

claire2876
Jul 20
3 min read

As we age, changes in mobility, memory, communication, and physical health can impact daily life. Older adults (65+) may face challenges that reduce their independence or place them at risk of injury or hospitalisation. The good news is that many of these issues can be managed or prevented with the right therapy support.

Occupational therapists (OTs) and speech pathologists (SPs) play a critical role in aged care by supporting older adults to maintain dignity, independence, safety, and quality of life—whether they live at home, in assisted living, or residential aged care.

✋ When to Refer to an Occupational Therapist

Occupational therapists work with elderly clients to maintain or restore independence in everyday tasks. Common reasons for referral include:

Falls prevention and mobility support: If a person has experienced falls, unsteadiness, or is fearful of walking alone, OTs can assess risk factors, recommend mobility aids (e.g., walkers, grab rails), and suggest home modifications.
Home safety and modifications: OTs conduct home visits to assess for hazards and prescribe supports like shower chairs, raised toilet seats, handrails, and stair lifts—making daily activities safer and easier.
Memory and cognitive changes: For those with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, OTs can provide strategies to support routines, memory, and participation in meaningful activities.
Self-care difficulties: Challenges with dressing, cooking, cleaning, or using the bathroom may indicate a need for therapy to improve function or introduce assistive equipment.
Fatigue or joint pain: Chronic pain, arthritis, or poor endurance can limit participation. OTs can recommend pacing techniques, ergonomic tools, and joint protection strategies.

Occupational therapy can help older adults age safely in place—avoiding unnecessary hospitalisation or early entry into residential care.

🗣️ When to Refer to a Speech Pathologist

Speech pathologists support communication and swallowing in older adults. Consider a referral if someone:

Has trouble speaking after a stroke or neurological illness: Conditions like stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or motor neurone disease may lead to slurred speech, word-finding difficulties, or language loss (aphasia).
Is showing signs of dysphagia (swallowing difficulties): Signs include coughing during meals, food ‘going down the wrong way,’ unexplained weight loss, or repeated chest infections. A swallowing assessment is essential.
Struggles with memory or communication due to dementia: SPs can help with communication strategies, visual aids, and routines to support independence for as long as possible.
Has a hoarse or weak voice: Age-related voice changes can impact participation in social activities or calls with loved ones. Therapy can strengthen voice and improve confidence.
Uses or needs alternative communication: For individuals who’ve lost the ability to speak, SPs can introduce tools like picture boards or speech-generating devices to maintain social connection.

Early identification and support can significantly improve safety, reduce carer stress, and enhance wellbeing.

👨‍👩‍👧 Supporting Ageing with Dignity

Allied health support in later life isn’t just about treating disease—it’s about enabling dignified ageing, supporting choices, and helping people remain active in their homes and communities.

If you’re a carer, GP, aged care worker, or family member noticing changes in an older adult’s function, a referral to an OT or SP can lead to proactive, positive outcomes.