Signs Your Teen May Need an Occupational Therapist or Speech Pathologist in High School

claire2876
Jul 20
2 min read

The high school years (ages 12–18) come with rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive growth—and increased pressure to perform academically and socially. While most students find ways to cope and thrive, others struggle silently with challenges that can impact their learning, friendships, self-esteem, or independence.

An occupational therapist (OT) or speech pathologist (SP) can offer targeted support to help teens build the skills they need to navigate this complex stage of life confidently.

✋ When to Refer to an Occupational Therapist

In high school, the role of an OT shifts to include not just motor skills, but also executive functioning, mental health support, and preparation for adulthood. Refer to an OT if your teen:

Struggles with time management and organisation: Difficulty keeping track of homework, managing assessment timelines, or using a diary or calendar may indicate executive functioning challenges.
Appears overwhelmed by school demands: Teens with sensory sensitivities, learning differences, or emotional regulation difficulties may shut down or act out under stress.
Lacks independence in daily routines: Trouble with personal hygiene, meal preparation, catching public transport, or managing money may impact their transition to adulthood.
Experiences mental health concerns: OTs can work alongside psychologists to support teens with anxiety, low motivation, and stress through functional-based approaches.
Has physical limitations or coordination issues: Teens with chronic conditions, fatigue, or post-injury needs may require adaptive equipment or graded return-to-school planning.

OTs focus on developing practical life skills that empower teens to meet academic and personal expectations with confidence.

🗣️ When to Refer to a Speech Pathologist

Communication becomes increasingly complex in adolescence. Teens need to express themselves clearly, comprehend abstract language, and build strong peer relationships. Refer to an SP if your teen:

Still has unclear speech: Persistent articulation or fluency issues like stuttering can affect participation and confidence.
Struggles with comprehension or expression: Teens who have difficulty understanding figurative language, following instructions, or explaining their ideas clearly may have a language disorder.
Finds writing tasks difficult: Trouble organising ideas, planning essays, or using correct grammar may impact school performance.
Misses social cues: Teens with social communication difficulties may appear awkward, interrupt conversations, or have trouble interpreting tone and body language.
Has complex diagnoses: Speech pathologists are often involved in supporting teens with autism, ADHD, developmental language disorder (DLD), or brain injuries.

Speech therapy at this age supports school performance, social connection, and self-advocacy.

💡 Supporting Teens Holistically

Teens often mask their challenges with avoidance, humour, or withdrawal. Parents and teachers may notice only subtle signs: poor grades, emotional outbursts, or isolation. A sensitive and strengths-based approach is essential.

With therapy, teens can learn to identify their needs, develop coping strategies, and build skills for post-school life—whether that means university, work, or supported living.