Supporting Fluency: How Speech Pathologists Help Children and Adults Who Stutter

Therapy session

Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech fluency disorder that affects the flow of speech. It can cause repetitions of sounds or syllables, prolongations, and blocks (when no sound comes out). Stuttering often begins in early childhood and can impact communication, self-esteem, and social participation. Fortunately, speech pathologists provide specialized support to help individuals manage and reduce stuttering.

What Is Stuttering?

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects speech timing and coordination. Common characteristics include:

• Repetitions (e.g., “b-b-ball”)

• Prolongations (e.g., “ssssun”)

• Blocks (a pause or inability to produce sound)

• Physical tension or facial movements during speech

• Avoidance of speaking or substituting words

Stuttering can vary in severity and may be influenced by factors such as stress, excitement, or fatigue.

Who Is Affected by Stuttering?

Stuttering often appears between ages 2 and 5. While many children recover naturally, others continue to stutter into adolescence and adulthood. It affects people of all backgrounds and can run in families.

How Speech Pathologists Assess Stuttering

Speech pathologists conduct comprehensive fluency assessments that include:

• Speech sample analysis

• Observation of stuttering behaviors and secondary movements

• Case history and onset of symptoms

• Impact on communication, confidence, and participation

The information gathered helps determine the best approach for therapy.

Speech Therapy Approaches for Stuttering

1. Fluency Shaping

This method teaches strategies to improve overall speech fluency. Techniques include:

• Slowed speech rate

• Gentle onsets (soft starts to words)

• Pausing and phrasing

• Smooth transitions between words

2. Stuttering Modification

Instead of eliminating stuttering, this approach focuses on reducing struggle and increasing confidence. Techniques include:

• Identifying and desensitizing to stuttering moments

• Learning easy stuttering

• Voluntary stuttering (to reduce fear)

3. Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies

Many individuals who stutter experience anxiety around speaking. Speech pathologists may use:

• Confidence-building exercises

• Relaxation and mindfulness techniques

• Addressing negative self-talk

4. Parent Involvement (for Children)

For young children, parent training is essential. Therapists help parents:

• Use slow, relaxed speech

• Model turn-taking and pausing

• Create a supportive communication environment

5. Assistive Technology

For some individuals, speech devices or apps that delay auditory feedback can help increase fluency.

Case Study Example

Jordan, a 9-year-old boy, experienced blocks and repetition when speaking in class. His therapist used a combination of fluency shaping and desensitization techniques. Over 10 weeks, James gained tools to manage his stuttering, grew more confident in class discussions, and began participating more actively.

When to Seek Help

Early intervention leads to the best outcomes. If stuttering persists beyond 6 months, worsens over time, or impacts confidence and communication, a speech pathologist should be consulted.

Final Thoughts

Stuttering can be challenging, but it is manageable. With the right support, individuals who stutter can build effective communication skills and confidence. Speech pathologists provide practical tools, emotional support, and long-term strategies to empower fluency and connection.